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The survey, another type of non experimental, descriptive study, does not involve direct observation by a researcher.
Rather, inferences about behavior are made from data collected via interviews or questionnaires. Interviews or questionnaires commonly include an assortment of forced-choice questions (e.g. True-False) or open-ended questions (e.g. short answer essay) to which subjects are asked to respond.
This sort of data collection is sometimes referred to as a self-report. Once again, this is a non experimental, descriptive approach.
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